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最高法再发布贯彻实施民法典案例：对“和稀泥”说不******

　　中新社北京1月12日电 (记者 张素)民法典实施以来，财产权保护、人格权保护、知识产权保护、生态环境保护等重点领域的民事审判工作不断加强。中国最高人民法院12日发布第二批人民法院贯彻实施民法典典型案例，中国最高人民法院副院长杨万明在当天的新闻发布会上说，发布案例旨在更好指引人民法院统一正确实施民法典，始终强调明辨是非、惩恶扬善、定分止争，对“和稀泥”的做法坚决说不。

　　继去年2月发布第一批13件人民法院贯彻实施民法典典型案例后，最高法此次再发布16件典型案例，其中包括“孙某燕与某通信公司某市分公司等隐私权、个人信息保护纠纷案”。

　　案情显示，孙某燕使用某通信公司某市分公司提供的移动通信号码，并支付费用。但在孙某燕多次明确表示不接受电话推销业务后，该公司仍继续向其进行电话推销。

　　法院认为，民法典在总则编和人格权编对隐私权和个人信息保护作出专门规定，特别是对民众反映强烈的以电话、短信、即时通信工具、电子邮件等方式侵扰他人私人生活安宁的行为进行了严格规制，故判决被告某通信公司某市分公司未经原告孙某燕的同意不得向其移动通信号码拨打营销电话，并赔偿原告交通费用和精神损害抚慰金。

　　据统计，2021年1月1日至2022年11月30日，全国各级人民法院共审结一审物权纠纷案件65万件、合同纠纷案件2027万件、人格权纠纷案件33万件、知识产权与竞争纠纷案件92万件、环境资源类案件31万件。

　　此外，基于人民法院大数据管理和服务平台汇聚的全国案件文书数据进行检索，2021年1月至2022年11月，适用民法典英烈保护条款的一审裁判文书数量达679件，居住权为772件。

　　“通过相关案件的办理，民事主体合法权益得到全面保护、产权政策得到有效落实，营商环境进一步优化。”最高人民法院审判委员会副部级专职委员刘贵祥在当日新闻发布会上说。

　　值得注意的是，民法典颁布后，最高法先后制定了民法典时间效力解释、担保制度解释、总则编解释、人脸识别解释、生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿解释等共计19件司法解释，在统一裁判尺度、厘清法律适用争议问题等方面发挥作用。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）